Linux permissions and packages
On a canned Ubuntu 24.04 LTS practice box, read real rwx permission triads, recognize chmod 755 and chmod u+x, observe honest silent success for permission and ownership commands, use approved sudo elevation for chown, and read a real sudo apt update output shape. The SOP distinguishes apt for Debian-family systems from dnf for Red Hat-family systems and teaches the chmod 777 and rm -rf safety boundaries. The simulation does not change or update the learner's machine. Practice, not exam questions. Not a score predictor. Nothing taken from any exam.
Steps
- 1
Run ls -l. Read deploy.sh as a regular file, then split rw-r----- into owner rw-, group r--, and other --- before changing it.
- 2
Run chmod 755 deploy.sh. Recognize owner rwx and group and other r-x; normal success has no output and returns to the prompt.
- 3
Run chmod u+x deploy.sh. It adds owner execute symbolically; because 755 already set that bit, this run is idempotent and silent.
- 4
Run sudo chown rtj:rtj deploy.sh with the approved cached sudo authorization. Normal success has no output and returns to the prompt.
- 5
Run sudo apt update. Read the Hit repository rows, the completed package-list stages, and the available-upgrade count without claiming that any upgrade was installed.
What you should see
The long listing shows real permission, owner, group, size, date, and name columns. Both chmod commands and the elevated chown command emit no success text. The apt refresh shows Hit repository lines, completed package-list processing, and a sample available-upgrade count; it does not install packages.